Deck Permits in Memphis, TN

TL:DR - Deck Permits in Memphis, TN

  • Most new decks require a building permit, especially if they're attached to your home or above a certain height.
  • The application process involves submitting plans and applying through the City of Memphis and Shelby County Office of Construction Code Enforcement (often facilitated through the Develop901 portal).
  • You'll typically need footing, framing, and final inspections to ensure everything meets code.

Building a deck can be exciting—it promises sun-drenched afternoons, lively gatherings with friends, and quiet moments enjoying the Memphis breeze. But before you start envisioning that perfect outdoor oasis, there’s an important step you don’t want to skip: understanding local deck permits. 

At Keystone Outdoor Living, we hear it all the time: "Why does a deck need permits? It's just a deck!" We get it. Dealing with building regulations and paperwork can feel overwhelming, even frustrating. It might seem like an unnecessary hurdle when all you want to do is build something beautiful.

But here’s the thing: building codes and zoning laws are in place to keep everyone safe. They ensure your deck is structurally sound, can handle the loads it will carry, and doesn't create problems for your property or your neighbors.

Permits ensure your deck is structurally sound, can handle the loads it will carry, and doesn't create problems for your property or your neighbors.

Now, let's dive deeper into the specifics.

Table of Contents

Do You Need a Permit to Build a Deck in Memphis, TN?

The short answer is yes, for most new deck constructions in Memphis and Shelby County, you will need a building permit.

The City of Memphis and Shelby County Office of Construction Code Enforcement requires permits for projects like "wooden decks." While specific exemptions for very small, low-to-grade platforms might exist in some areas, it's always safest to assume you'll need one for any deck attached to your house or exceeding a minimal height (generally around 30 inches above grade).

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When a permit is typically required:

  • Any new deck attached to your home.
  • Any detached deck that is more than 30 inches above grade at any point.
  • Decks with a roof or cover.
  • Replacement of a deck or construction of a new deck.
  • Deck board replacement if it exceeds 100 sq ft.
  • Any replacement of deck footings or framing.

When a permit might NOT be required (though always verify!):

  • Small, unattached platforms very close to the ground (e.g., less than 30 inches above grade).
  • Minor repairs that don't involve structural changes (though larger repairs or replacements often do).

These structures don’t pose as much risk if they fail—breaking through floorboards and falling 30 inches is less serious than falling 10 feet. However, if in doubt, it’s always best to check, since building without a permit can have serious consequences. More on that later.

Step-by-Step: Getting Your Deck Permit in Memphis, TN

Navigating the permit process can feel daunting, but it's manageable. Here’s a general overview of what you can expect when applying for a deck permit in Memphis and Shelby County:

Step 1: Gather Your Materials

You'll need several key documents for your application. While the exact requirements can vary, prepare for the following:

  • Application for Permit & Plan Review: This is your primary application form.
  • Site Plan: This drawing shows your property lines, existing structures (like your house), and the proposed location of your new deck, including its dimensions and distances from property lines. It doesn't always need to be done by a professional, but it must be accurate.
  • Construction Drawings: These are detailed plans of your deck's design, including dimensions, structural components (such as footings, posts, beams, joists, and railing details), and the methods for attaching it to your home. These drawings should demonstrate compliance with the applicable building codes.

Step 2: Submit Your Application

Permit applications for Memphis and Shelby County are generally handled through the Develop901 Citizen Portal. This online platform allows you to apply for various permits, including construction permits.

The Develop901 Citizen Portal also allows you to check the status of your permit after you apply. 

Cost: Permit fees vary based on the project's total valuation and scope. According to the 2019 Fee Schedule from the Memphis and Shelby County Office of Construction Code Enforcement, fees for construction, repairs, and alterations to decks, spas, and similar structures are a minimum of $50.00 for one and two-family dwellings. If the work commences before permit issuance, the fee is typically doubled.

Permit fees vary based on the project's total valuation and scope, but if the work commences before permit issuance, the cost is typically doubled.

Timeline: Residential permits typically have a review period. While Johnson City, TN, indicates a five-business-day review, it's wise to plan for a similar or slightly longer timeframe in Memphis. It's always best to start the permit process well in advance of your desired construction start date.

Step 3: Permit Issuance

Once your application and plans are approved, your permit will be issued. It’s crucial to post your permit visibly at the job site during construction.

Local Zoning, Design & Code Requirements in Memphis, TN

This is where the nitty-gritty details matter! Memphis and Shelby County generally follow the International Residential Code (IRC) for one and two-family dwellings. Staying informed about these specifics before you begin your project will save you a lot of headaches down the line.

Setbacks & Lot Placement: While specific setbacks can vary based on your property's zoning district, generally:

  • You cannot build decks over platted setbacks or utility easements.
  • Uncovered decks may have reduced rear setbacks (e.g., 10 feet in some jurisdictions, such as Nashville, which also follows the IRC); however, they must still meet full side setbacks.
  • Covered decks typically need to meet full rear and side setbacks. It's essential to consult your property's specific zoning information. The City of Memphis and Shelby County Office of Construction Code Enforcement can provide guidance, and the Develop901 portal often allows you to view your zoning information.

Deck Height & Guardrails:

  • Decks or portions of decks 30 inches or higher above the adjacent grade at any point within 36 inches horizontally of the edge require guardrails.
  • Guardrails for residential decks must be at least 36 inches tall, measured from the deck surface to the top of the rail.
  • Opening limitations: The space between balusters (vertical pickets) or between the bottom rail and the decking cannot allow a 4-inch diameter sphere to pass through. For stair guardrails, the triangular opening formed by the stair riser, stair tread, and bottom rail must not allow a 6-inch diameter sphere to pass through.
  • Structural strength: Guardrails must be strong enough to withstand a concentrated 200 lb. force applied anywhere along the top of the rail.
Guardrails must be strong enough to withstand a concentrated 200 lb. force applied anywhere along the top of the rail.

Approved Materials:

  • Wood materials: Use #2 grade lumber or better. Wood in contact with the ground must be preservative-treated in accordance with Section R317 of the IRC, or approved, naturally durable lumber.
  • Plastic composite decking: If using composite deck boards, stair treads, guards, or handrails, they must comply with ASTM D7032 and bear a label indicating compliance with this standard.
  • Fasteners and Connectors: This is critical for safety and longevity! All metal fasteners and connectors used for decks must be corrosion-resistant. This typically means using hot-dipped galvanized (per ASTM A153) or stainless steel fasteners (nails, bolts, lag screws) and connectors (like joist hangers, post bases). Stainless steel is a good idea, specifically if your deck is exposed to saltwater or within 300 feet of a saltwater shoreline, though this is less common for inland Memphis. Always ensure that bolt holes are drilled with proper clearance (minimum 1/32 inch and maximum 1/16 inch larger than the bolt).

Structural Requirements (based on IRC Section R507):

  • Footings: Decks must be supported by concrete footings or other approved structural systems. Footings need to be sized to carry the imposed loads from the deck structure to the ground and extend below the frost line (which typically means at least 12 inches embedment in surrounding soils or concrete piers for lateral restraint).
  • Beam and Joist Spacing: The joist spacing is typically 16 inches on center, although this can vary depending on the decking material and span tables. Beam spans and bearing requirements must meet IRC specifications.
  • Ledger Boards: If your deck is attached to your house, you must flash the ledger board (the board connecting the deck to the house) with corrosion-resistant materials to prevent water damage to your home. Proper attachment with through-bolts or lag screws into the house band joist is essential.
  • Hardware Connectors: Use approved hardware connectors (like those from reputable manufacturers) for securing beams, joists, and hangers.

Inspection Requirements

Once your permit is approved, the construction process involves several inspections to ensure the work is proceeding according to code. These are typically required at specific stages: 

  • Footing Inspection: The inspector performs this inspection AFTER the holes for your footings are dug to the appropriate depth, but BEFORE any concrete is poured. The inspector will verify depth, size, and placement to ensure a stable foundation.
  • Framing Inspection: This inspection occurs AFTER the structural framing of the deck is complete, but BEFORE the decking boards are installed. The inspector will check the ledger board attachment, beam and joist connections, bracing, and overall structural integrity. If electrical work (such as deck lighting) is part of the scope, the electrical rough-in inspection may also occur around this time.
  • Final Building Inspection: Once all construction is complete, including railings, stairs, and all finishes, a final inspection is conducted. The inspector will verify that the entire deck is built to code, safe for use, and ready for its Certificate of Occupancy or final approval.

You’ll typically need to schedule inspections through the Develop901 Citizen Portal. Note that footing inspections may require shorter notice (e.g., ½ day), while framing and final inspections usually require at least one day's notice.

What Happens If You Build Without a Permit?

Thinking of skipping the permit process? We strongly advise against it. Building without a required permit in Memphis can lead to some significant headaches and expenses:

  • Double Fees: If you start construction without a permit, the City of Memphis and Shelby County Office of Construction Code Enforcement often levies double the normal permit fees (as per their Fee Schedule). This alone can be a costly surprise.
  • Stop Work Orders: The city can issue a "Stop Work Order," legally forcing you to halt all construction until you obtain the proper permits and correct any code violations.
  • Fines & Demolition: In severe cases where the construction is unsafe or violates zoning, you could face hefty fines or even be required to alter or demolish the unpermitted structure.
  • Resale Issues: When you attempt to sell your home, an unpermitted deck can raise concerns during the home inspection or appraisal process. This can delay your closing, complicate financing for potential buyers, or even reduce your home's market value.
  • Insurance Problems: If an accident occurs on an unpermitted deck, your homeowner's insurance policy might deny coverage, leaving you liable for damages or injuries.
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In short, it’s always better to be safe than sorry. If you’re unsure whether your project needs a permit, always contact the local permitting office to check.

Why Work with a Local Contractor Who Understands the Code?

Let's be honest—most homeowners don't want to become building code experts. And you shouldn't have to! That's where a local, reputable contractor like Keystone Outdoor Living comes in. 

  • We are familiar with Memphis and Shelby County's codes inside and out. We stay updated on the latest IRC adoptions and local amendments.
  • We submit the correct forms, the right way—the first time. This minimizes delays and ensures a smoother process.
  • We coordinate every step of the permitting process, from detailed drawings to scheduling and passing final inspections.
  • And most importantly, we build beautiful, safe decks that not only meet code but also exceed your expectations for quality and craftsmanship.